Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition characterised by an imbalance in the immune system, making it overactive against substances called allergens.^1,2 This results in inflammation that, alongside genetic factors, damages the skin barrier, leaving it dry, itchy, and prone to infection.¹

AD is a chronic or long-lasting condition, which means that underlying inflammation can still be present, even when you aren’t experiencing flares.^3,4 People living with AD normally develop the condition within the first six months of their lives, and some people continue to have AD as an adult too.¹

AD is also a systemic condition as the immune processes involved affect the body more broadly, rather than just a specific organ or body part.^5,6 This means that the visual signs of AD can appear anywhere on the body.^6,7

If we break down the term ‘atopic dermatitis’, it can give us a better idea of what the condition is:

• Atopic means being sensitive to certain substances called allergens, which leads to an overactive immune response^{1, 7, 8}
• Dermatitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the skin.⁹ As a result, visible signs of AD such as scaly skin or red/brownish patches, may appear.⁸

AD isn’t contagious.¹⁰
You can’t pass AD on to someone by touching them. However, it can potentially be passed down to your family through genetics.¹⁰

AD isn’t a surface-level skin condition.⁶
Though you’re sometimes able to see and feel AD on your skin, it goes deeper than what’s on the surface.¹¹ It’s a chronic condition that’s caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors.⁶ Even when you aren’t having a flare, underlying inflammation can still be present beneath the skin.^6,11 This underlying inflammation can worsen, resulting in a flare-up of AD signs and symptoms.^11,12

AD isn’t the same for everyone.
AD appears differently on different people, including between those with different skin tones and ethnicities.¹³ AD also impacts people in different ways. For some, it may be their sleep that’s the most impacted, whereas for others, it may be their self-esteem that takes the biggest hit.¹⁴ You’re the only one who knows the true impact of your AD, so it’s important to share this information with a dermatologist to help get you the support you need in managing your AD for the long-term.